add following code

apply_filters( 'litespeed_esi_url', 'my_esi_block', 'Custom ESI block' );

to where you want to insert the block, for example :

some_code_here
<div>
apply_filters( 'litespeed_esi_url', 'my_esi_block', 'Custom ESI block' );
</div>
some_code_here

and then add following code into your theme's functions.php:

add_action( 'litespeed_esi_load-my_esi_block', 'my_esi_block_esi_load' );

function my_esi_block_esi()
{
do_action( 'litespeed_control_set_ttl', 300 );
echo "Hello world";
}

where my_esi_block is the block name , for your convenience , Custom ESI block is short comment , 300 is the TTL for this block.

change it to do_action( 'litespeed_control_set_nocache' ); or change 300 to 0 , if you want to set this block to no-cache.